Perpetual Newton's Cradle Never Stops
Newton’s Cradles have long been staples on office desks, their five steel balls transferring motion in a satisfying chain of collisions. Most versions eventually lose their rhythm as energy dissipates through air resistance, sound, heat, and slight changes in the shape of the balls during impact. A recent project changes the outcome by adding a small, precisely timed push that replaces those losses. The result looks like the classic toy yet keeps swinging for hours on battery power alone.

MIT Puffin Robot Swim Fly
Photo credit: Raphael Zufferey / John Freidah
Engineers at MIT have built a compact machine that flaps its wings to travel through air and water with equal capability. The device tips the scales at 250 grams and reaches flight speeds near 6 meters per second while managing almost 1 meter per second when submerged. It also exits the water by angling its body and pushing straight into the air without any paddling or extra propulsion.